=> $currency['locale'],
				'numeric_code' => $currency['numeric_code'],
			),
		);

		return (object) $refund_data;
	}

	/**
	 * Prepare sanitized and calculated order data for database insertion or update.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.2
	 *
	 * @param int         $user_id        The ID of the user placing or updating the order.
	 * @param array       $items          The list of items included in the order.
	 * @param string      $payment_status The current payment status (e.g., 'paid', 'unpaid').
	 * @param string      $order_type     The type of order (e.g., single, subscription, renewal).
	 * @param string|null $coupon_code    Optional coupon code applied to the order.
	 * @param array       $args           Optional additional arguments, such as discounts or custom data.
	 *
	 * @return array The fully prepared order data array, ready to be stored or updated.
	 *
	 * @throws \Exception If the payment status is invalid or required data is missing.
	 */
	private function prepare_order_data( int $user_id, array $items, string $payment_status, string $order_type, $coupon_code = null, array $args = array() ): array {
		$items          = Input::sanitize_array( $items );
		$payment_status = Input::sanitize( $payment_status );
		$coupon_code    = Input::sanitize( $coupon_code );

		$allowed_item_fields = $this->model->get_order_items_fillable_fields();
		unset( $allowed_item_fields['order_id'] );

		// Validate order items.
		if ( ! isset( $items[0] ) ) {
			$items = array( $items );
		}

		// Validate payment status.
		if ( ! in_array( $payment_status, array_keys( $this->model->get_payment_status() ) ) ) {
			throw new \Exception( __( 'Invalid payment status', 'tutor' ) );
		}

		$subtotal_price = 0;
		$total_price    = 0;

		if ( $this->model::TYPE_SINGLE_ORDER === $order_type ) {
			$item_price     = $this->model::calculate_order_price( $items );
			$subtotal_price = $item_price->subtotal;
			$total_price    = $item_price->total;
		} else {
			// For subscription and renewal order.
			$prices = apply_filters( 'tutor_create_order_prices_for_subscription', null, $items, $order_type, $user_id );
			if ( $prices ) {
				$subtotal_price = $prices->subtotal_price;
				$total_price    = $prices->total_price;
			}
		}

		$order_data = array(
			'items'          => $items,
			'payment_status' => $payment_status,
			'order_type'     => $order_type,
			'coupon_code'    => $coupon_code,
			'coupon_amount'  => isset( $args['coupon_amount'] ) ? $args['coupon_amount'] : null,
			'subtotal_price' => $subtotal_price,
			'pre_tax_price'  => $total_price,
			'total_price'    => $total_price,
			'net_payment'    => $total_price,
			'user_id'        => $user_id,
			'order_status'   => $this->model::PAYMENT_PAID === $payment_status ? $this->model::ORDER_COMPLETED : $this->model::ORDER_INCOMPLETE,
			'created_at_gmt' => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
			'created_by'     => get_current_user_id(),
			'updated_at_gmt' => current_time( 'mysql', true ),
			'updated_by'     => get_current_user_id(),
		);

		if ( isset( $args['discount_amount'] ) && $args['discount_amount'] > 0 ) {
			$order_data['discount_type']   = 'flat';
			$order_data['discount_amount'] = floatval( $args['discount_amount'] );
			$order_data['discount_reason'] = __( 'Sale discount', 'tutor' );
		}

		$calculate_tax = apply_filters( 'tutor_calculate_order_tax', Tax::should_calculate_tax(), $args );

		if ( $calculate_tax ) {
			/**
			 * Tax calculation for order.
			 */
			$tax_rate = Tax::get_user_tax_rate( $user_id );
			if ( $tax_rate ) {
				$tax_amount = apply_filters( 'tutor_calculate_order_tax_amount', 0, $total_price, $tax_rate, $order_type, $items );

				$order_data['tax_type']   = Tax::get_tax_type();
				$order_data['tax_rate']   = $tax_rate;
				$order_data['tax_amount'] = $tax_amount;

				if ( ! Tax::is_tax_included_in_price() ) {
					$total_price              += $tax_amount;
					$order_data['total_price'] = $total_price;
					$order_data['net_payment'] = $total_price;
				} else {
					$order_data['pre_tax_price'] = $total_price - $tax_amount;
				}
			}
		}

		return $order_data;
	}

	/**
	 * Update an existing order with validated and recalculated data.
	 *
	 * @since 3.9.2
	 *
	 * @param int         $order_id       The unique ID of the order to update.
	 * @param int         $user_id        The ID of the user associated with the order.
	 * @param array       $items          The list of items to update for the order.
	 * @param string      $payment_status The payment status (e.g., 'paid', 'unpaid').
	 * @param string      $order_type     The order type (e.g., single, subscription, renewal).
	 * @param string|null $coupon_code    Optional coupon code applied to the order.
	 * @param array       $args           Optional additional arguments (discounts, tax data, etc.).
	 * @param bool        $return_data    Whether to return the updated order data on success.
	 *
	 * @return array|bool The updated order data if $return_data is true and the update succeeds,
	 *                    or false otherwise.
	 */
	public function update_order( int $order_id, int $user_id, array $items, string $payment_status, string $order_type, $coupon_code = null, array $args = array(), $return_data = false ) {

		$update_data = $this->prepare_order_data( $user_id, $items, $payment_status, $order_type, $coupon_code, $args );
		$order_items = $update_data['items'];

		unset( $update_data['items'], $update_data['created_at_gmt'], $update_data['created_by'] );

		if ( $this->model->update_order( $order_id, $update_data, $order_items ) ) {
			$update_data['id']    = $order_id;
			$update_data['items'] = $order_items;
			do_action( 'tutor_order_updated', $update_data );
			return $return_data ? $update_data : true;
		}

		return false;
	}
}